Gambling is any game of chance or skill in which an individual stakes something that has value (such as money, goods, services or personal time) for the opportunity to win a prize. It can be illegal or legal and takes place in many settings. The definition of gambling is important for legal regulations and identifying harmful gambling behaviour. It also allows professionals to use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria to diagnose psychological problems related to gambling.

Gambling can occur anywhere – casinos, racetracks and other venues provide opportunities to gamble, but gambling also takes place in private homes and during social activities like card games and sports betting with friends. The DSM describes how individuals can be screened for gambling disorders and recommends that health care providers consider a person’s environment, culture and family values when assessing their risk for unhealthy gambling behavior.

The DSM defines three levels of gambling: social or recreational, problem, and pathological. Problem gambling can have financial, emotional and even physical consequences. The DSM also notes that the likelihood of developing a problem can vary over time. For example, a person who is a social or recreational gambler may become a pathological gambler and then return to a level of social or recreational gambling.

For some people, gambling can be a way to be social with friends and co-workers, or it can help to cope with stress or depression. It can also be a distraction from daily life or an outlet for boredom. Some people are drawn to gambling because of the media’s portrayal of it as sexy, glamorous and fashionable.

There are a number of factors that influence whether someone will develop a gambling problem, including genetics and brain chemistry. Some research suggests that some individuals are predisposed to thrill-seeking behaviours and impulsivity. Other research indicates that people who have an overactive reward system may be more likely to experience gambling problems.

The type of gambling an individual engages in and the amount they wager are other significant influencing factors. For example, some individuals who have a history of psychiatric illness are at higher risk for developing a gambling disorder than others. Additionally, people who work in gambling-related industries may be at higher risk for developing a gambling disorder.

A person can develop a gambling problem at any age. While children and young adults are more vulnerable, anyone can develop a problem. The DSM says that a person is at risk for a gambling disorder if they display any of the following: